science
英 ['sa??ns]
美['sa??ns]
- n. 科學(xué)；技術(shù)；學(xué)科；理科
- n. (Science)人名；(英)賽恩斯
CET4TEM4考研CET6中高頻詞基本詞匯
詞態(tài)變化
復(fù)數(shù):?sciences;
中文詞源
science 知識，科學(xué)
來自古法語 science,知識，學(xué)習(xí)，習(xí)得，來自拉丁語 scientia,知識，學(xué)識，專長，來自 scire, 知道，了解，字面意思即區(qū)分，鑒別，來自 PIE*skei,砍，切，劈，分開，詞源同 shed,shin,scythe. 詞義演變比較 intelligence,智能，智商，原義為選擇和區(qū)分的能力。后詞義專門化為科學(xué)。
英文詞源
- science
- science: [14] Etymologically, science simply means ‘knowledge’, for it comes via Old French science from Latin scientia, a noun formed from the present participle of the verb scīre ‘know’. It early on passed via ‘knowledge gained by study’ to a ‘particular branch of study’, but its modern connotations of technical, mathematical, or broadly ‘non-arts’ studies did not begin to emerge until the 18th century. The derivative scientist was coined in 1840 by William Whewell: ‘We need very much a name to describe a cultivator of science in general. I should incline to call him a Scientist’, Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences 1840.
=> conscious - science (n.)
- mid-14c., "what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;" also "assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty," from Old French science "knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge" (12c.), from Latin scientia "knowledge, a knowing; expertness," from sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled," present participle of scire "to know," probably originally "to separate one thing from another, to distinguish," related to scindere "to cut, divide," from PIE root *skei- "to cut, to split" (cognates: Greek skhizein "to split, rend, cleave," Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan "to divide, separate;" see shed (v.)).
From late 14c. in English as "book-learning," also "a particular branch of knowledge or of learning;" also "skillfulness, cleverness; craftiness." From c. 1400 as "experiential knowledge;" also "a skill, handicraft; a trade." From late 14c. as "collective human knowledge" (especially "that gained by systematic observation, experiment, and reasoning). Modern (restricted) sense of "body of regular or methodical observations or propositions concerning a particular subject or speculation" is attested from 1725; in 17c.-18c. this concept commonly was called philosophy. Sense of "non-arts studies" is attested from 1670s.Science, since people must do it, is a socially embedded activity. It progresses by hunch, vision, and intuition. Much of its change through time does not record a closer approach to absolute truth, but the alteration of cultural contexts that influence it so strongly. Facts are not pure and unsullied bits of information; culture also influences what we see and how we see it. Theories, moreover, are not inexorable inductions from facts. The most creative theories are often imaginative visions imposed upon facts; the source of imagination is also strongly cultural. [Stephen Jay Gould, introduction to "The Mismeasure of Man," 1981]
The distinction is commonly understood as between theoretical truth (Greek episteme) and methods for effecting practical results (tekhne), but science sometimes is used for practical applications and art for applications of skill. To blind (someone) with science "confuse by the use of big words or complex explanations" is attested from 1937, originally noted as a phrase from Australia and New Zealand.
In science you must not talk before you know. In art you must not talk before you do. In literature you must not talk before you think. [John Ruskin, "The Eagle's Nest," 1872]
雙語例句
- 1. The term Wissenschaft has a much broader meaning than the English word "science".
- Wissenschaft這個術(shù)語比英語詞science含義更廣。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. She was Dean of the Science faculty at Sophia University.
- 她是上智大學(xué)科學(xué)院的院長。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. Social science is a collective name, covering a series of individual sciences.
- 社會科學(xué)是一個統(tǒng)稱，涵蓋一系列的獨立學(xué)科。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. The fear is that science could become the handmaiden of industry.
- 人們擔(dān)心的是科學(xué)會成為工業(yè)的仆人。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Physics isn't just about pure science with no immediate applications.
- 物理學(xué)并非只是一門不能直接運用的純科學(xué)。
來自柯林斯例句