mean

英 [mi?n] 美[min]

adj. 平均的；卑鄙的；低劣的
vt. 意味；想要；意欲
n. 平均值
vi. 用意
n. (Mean)人名；(柬)棉

CET4IELTSGRE考研CET6中低頻詞基本詞匯

詞態變化

復數:?means;第三人稱單數:?means;過去式:?meant;過去分詞:?meant;現在分詞:?meaning;比較級:?meaner;最高級:?meanest;名詞:?meanness;形容詞:?meanly;

中文詞源

mean 意思是，意味著

來自古英語maenan,意思是，打算，來自PIE*meino,意見，意圖，來自*men,思考，思想，詞源同mind,mania.

mean 普通的，平庸的，吝嗇的，小氣的，刻薄的

來自古英語gemaene,普通的，公共的，一般的，來自Proto-Germanic*ga-mainiz,共有的，來自PIE*ko-moin,共有，公共，*ko,一起，詞源同com-,*moin,交換，互通，詞源同common,mutable.引申詞義平庸的，后詞義進一步貶義化，用于指吝嗇的，小氣的，刻薄的。

mean 中間的，中間值

來自拉丁語medianus,中間的，來自medius,在中間，詞源同middle,medial.用于數學術語中間值等。

英文詞源

mean: mean: English has three distinct words mean. The oldest, ‘intend’ [OE], goes back via a prehistoric West Germanic *mainjan to the Indo-European base *men- ‘think’ (source also of English memory, mention, mind, etc). The adjective ‘petty, stingy’ [12] originally meant ‘common, shared by all’. It comes from a prehistoric Germanic *gamainiz (source also of German gemein ‘common, shared’), which was formed from the collective prefix *ga- and *mainiz.

This went back to an Indo-European base *moi-, *mei- ‘change, exchange’, which also lies behind English mad, moult, mutate, mutual, and the second syllable of common. Mean’s semantic history can be traced from ‘common to all’ via ‘inferior’ and ‘low, ignoble’ to ‘petty’. The adjective ‘intermediate, average’ [14] came via Anglo-Norman meen and Old French meien from Latin mediānus (source of English median), a derivative of medius ‘middle’ (source of English medium).

It forms the basis of the plural noun means ‘method’ [14], and of the compound adverb meanwhile [15].
=> memory, mention, mind; common, mad, moult, mutate, mutual; median, medium
mean (v.1): "intend, have in mind," Old English m?nan "to mean, intend, signify; tell, say; complain, lament," from West Germanic *mainijan (cognates: Old Frisian mena "to signify," Old Saxon menian "to intend, signify, make known," Dutch menen, German meinen "think, suppose, be of the opinion"), from PIE *meino- "opinion, intent" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic meniti "to think, have an opinion," Old Irish mian "wish, desire," Welsh mwyn "enjoyment"), perhaps from root *men- "think" (see mind (n.)). Conversational question you know what I mean? attested by 1834.
mean (adj.1): "low-quality," c. 1200, "shared by all," from imene, from Old English gem?ne "common, public, general, universal, shared by all," from Proto-Germanic *ga-mainiz "possessed jointly" (cognates: Old Frisian mene, Old Saxon gimeni, Middle Low German gemeine, Middle Dutch gemene, Dutch gemeen, German gemein, Gothic gamains "common"), from PIE *ko-moin-i- "held in common," a compound adjective formed from collective prefix *ko- "together" (Proto-Germanic *ga-) + *moi-n-, suffixed form of PIE root *mei- (1) "to change, exchange" (see mutable). Compare second element in common (adj.), a word with a sense evolution parallel to that of this word.

Of things, "inferior, second-rate," from late 14c. (a secondary sense in Old English was "false, wicked"). Notion of "so-so, mediocre" led to confusion with mean (n.). Meaning "inferior in rank or status" (of persons) emerged early 14c.; that of "ordinary" from late 14c.; that of "stingy, nasty" first recorded 1660s; weaker sense of "disobliging, pettily offensive" is from 1839, originally American English slang. Inverted sense of "remarkably good" (i.e. plays a mean saxophone) first recorded c. 1900, perhaps from phrase no mean _______ "not inferior" (1590s, also, "not average," reflecting further confusion with mean (n.)).
mean (n.): "that which is halfway between extremes," early 14c., from Old French meien "middle, means, intermediary," noun use of adjective from Latin medianus "of or that is in the middle" (see mean (adj.2)). Oldest sense is musical; mathematical sense is from c. 1500. Some senes reflect confusion with mean (adj.1). This is the mean in by no means (late 15c.).
mean (v.2): "calculate an arithmetical mean," 1882, from mean (n.).
mean (adj.2): "occupying a middle or intermediate place," mid-14c., from Anglo-French meines (plural), Old French meien, variant of moiien "mid-, medium, common, middle-class" (12c., Modern French moyen), from Late Latin medianus "of the middle," from Latin medius "in the middle" (see medial (adj.)). Meaning "intermediate in time" is from mid-15c. Mathematical sense is from late 14c.

雙語例句

1. When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.: 當生活很艱難，你想要放棄的時候，請記住，生活充滿了起起落落，如果沒有低谷，那站在高處也失去了意義。

2. "What do you mean?" I asked, offended on Liddie's behalf.: “你什么意思啊？”我問，替利迪感到憤憤不平。

3. This will mean more remand prisoners being held in police cells.: 這將意味著更多候審犯人會被拘押在警局拘留室。

4. Take a hundred and twenty values and calculate the mean.: 取120個值計算平均數。

5. But that doesn't mean this brand of politics is dead or dying.: 但那并不意味著這種政治主張已經或正在消亡。

mean

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