colonel

英 ['k??n(?)l] 美['k?nl]

CET6+TEM4CET4考研TOEFLCET6中頻詞常用詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?colonels;

colonel 上校

詞源同column, 柱，縱隊(duì)。即管理一個(gè)縱隊(duì)的軍官，通常對應(yīng)團(tuán)最高軍事長官。

colonel: colonel: [17] Historically, a colonel was so called because he commanded the company at the head of a regiment, known in Italian as the compagna colonnella, literally the ‘little-column company’; hence the commander himself took the title colonnella. The word colonnella is a diminutive form of colonna, which is descended from Latin columna ‘pillar’ (source of English column).

It appears first to have entered English via French in the form coronel, in which the first l had mutated to r. Spellings with this r occur in English from the 17th and 18th centuries, and it is the source of the word’s modern pronunciation. Colonel represents a return to the original Italian spelling.
=> column
colonel (n.): 1540s, coronell, from Middle French coronel (16c.), modified by dissimilation from Italian colonnella "commander of a column of soldiers at the head of a regiment," from compagna colonella "little column company," from Latin columna "pillar" (see column). English spelling modified 1580s in learned writing to conform with the Italian form (via translations of Italian military manuals), and pronunciations with "r" and "l" coexisted 17c.-18c., but the earlier pronunciation prevailed. Spanish coronel, from Italian, shows a similar evolution by dissimilation.

1. The colonel was rewarded with a resounding cheer from the men.: 士兵對上校報(bào)以震天的歡呼聲。

3. Turkin tapped him on the shoulder. "Sorry to interrupt, Colonel.": 圖爾金拍拍他的肩膀。“不好意思打斷您一下，上校。”

4. The Colonel bowed his head and whispered a prayer of thanksgiving.: 這位上校低頭輕聲做感恩祈禱。

5. The colonel ordered, "I want two good engines down here asap.": 上校命令道：“盡快給我找兩臺性能好的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來。”